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The applications that are written in Visual Basic, C#, or F# are first compiled to Common Intermediate Language (CIL). After this, the compiled code is stored in an assembly file with the .exe or .dll extension. When the developer runs the .NET application, the Common Language Runtime (CLR) with the help of Just-In-Time Compiler converts the CIL into the machine code. Now, this machine code is ready to be executed on the computer. 

The major components of a .NET framework are - 

• Common Language Runtime (CLR)  -  CLR is an execution engine that runs the program and provides several services like interoperability between different languages like C#, F#, Visual Basic, and Visual C++. Other services provided by CLR are garbage collection, type safety, exception handling, memory management, and thread management. The .NET programs are executed by the CLR irrespective of the programming language.

• Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR) - DLR provides the environment to run dynamic languages by adding some special functionalities to CLR.

• .NET Base Class Library - .NET provides you with a large collection of library features including functions that are very useful to implement programming languages like C#, F#, Visual C++, etc. in the .NET framework.

Base Class Library (BCL) is divided into two parts - 

• Pre-defined Class Library -  Pre-defined class library is comprised of the namespace, which stores a collection of multiple classes and methods. The namespace can be added to a .NET program via “using system”, where using represents the keyword and system represents a namespace.

• User-defined Class Library - User-defined class library includes Assemblies. An assembly is a unit of code that is used for versioning, deployment, and security. Assembly can be defined in two formats, executable files (.exe) and dynamic link library (.dll). 

• •  .NET Framework Class Library - It includes several methods and classes to implement multiple functionalities like dates, strings, numbers types. This class library includes APIs for file reading and writing, database connection, etc.

• Common Type System (CTS) - CTS ensures that the programming data defined in different languages is able to interact with each other for sharing the information. CTS can be also used to prevent data loss when you are trying to transfer data from one type in a language to some other datatype in another language. For example, we define the datatype as an int in C# while we define the datatype as an integer in VB.NET. 

• Common Language Specification (CLS) - CLS is a subset of CTS that defines a set of rules and regulations which are to be followed by every freelance .NET developer. CLS easily supports cross-platform integration, i.e, it provides a common platform for sharing information. When statements belonging to different languages get executed, a common platform is provided by CLS to interact and share the information.

EXE and DLLs are assembly executable modules.

• EXE - EXE is an executable file that runs the application. While building an application, a (.exe) file is executed. When .exe file is executed, the assemblies are loaded automatically. 
• Dynamic Link Library (DLL) - DLL is a library that consists of hidden code. A web application consists of multiple DLLs that can be shared with other programs and applications. 

Assemblies in .NET are of two types  :- 

• Private Assembly - Private Assembly needs to be installed in the installation directory. The developer copies this private assembly separately in all application folders where the assembly is to be used.

Shared or Public Assembly - Public Assembly is installed in the Global Assembly Cache (GAC). It requires only one copy at the system level and the same copy is used by multiple applications.

These are the events that takes place in order in a page lifecycle- 

• Page_PreInit

• Page_Init

• Page_InitComplete

• Page_PreLoad

• Page_Load

• Page_LoadComplete

• Page_PreRender

• Render

The themes can be added in an ASP.NET application by modifying the code in the web.config file,

<configuration>

<system.web>

<pages theme = “windows”/>

</system.web>

</configuration>

• Model - Model stores data and represents the core information that the client requests to access or manipulate.

• View - View displays the data to the client using the model-class object. All the view template files are contained in the View folder. 

• Controller - Controller acts as an intermediate between the Model and View, and is responsible for controlling the application logic. It takes the input from the users through the View, then communicates with the Model to retrieve or manipulate the data, and sends back the information to the user again.

• Abstract classes can be used to declare fields, properties, events, and methods of a class but the interface doesn’t declare fields.
• Abstract classes have static members while interfaces don’t have static members.
• The abstract class supports public, protected, and private access specifiers while Interface supports only public access modifier.
• Multiple inheritance is not supported by Abstract classes while Interface supports Multiple inheritance.
• An interface determines how a particular class behaves while an abstract class gives the partial implementation of the functionalities that must be implemented by its child class.
• An interface can have only abstract methods while an abstract class can have both concrete methods as well as abstract methods.

Boxing is the method of directly converting the value type of a variable to an object/reference type. 

Unboxing is to convert the object/reference type of a variable back to its value type. 

For example, 

int x = 10; 

object obj = x; 

int y = (int)obj;

If you are trying to hire a .NET Developer. Here is the .NET Developer Job Description that you can use in your hiring.