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Haskell is a functional programming language designed for mathematical computations and research purposes. Haskell has a wide range of usages from aerospace to finance and many popular web startups. Haskell is used by projects like Sigma, Barclay Bank's Functional Payout Framework, NASA 's Copilot Project, and so on.

Automatic Memory Management - Haskell provides automatic memory management technique which avoids memory leaks, buffer overflows, and other memory related issues in a program that are possible in C++/C programming languages.

Compiled directly to Machine code - Haskell programming language gets directly compiled to native machine code unlike Java, Python, C++ which needs an intermediate code which then compiles to native machine code.

Rich Esoteric Libraries  - 

Haskell has a large library which provides the freelance Haskell developer to work more efficiently and effectively. Some of the popularly used Haskell libraries are - Hascore, binary, vector, vect, aeson, bytestring, and attroparsec.

Static typing like Typescript - Haskell checks the code validity and bugs in the code at the compile time only which helps developers resolve issues at the static time only. 

Versatile Toolset - Haskell provides a wide range of versatile tools for statically typed code and support for type qualities, algebraic data types, runtime inspection, parametric polymorphism, kind polymorphism, ad-hoc (class-based) polymorphism, higher-rank polymorphism, and existential qualification.

Metaprogramming - Haskell provides support for the generation and inspection of the program's syntax tree. This metaprogramming feature is also known as Template Haskell. It is used for automatic boilerplate generation and compile-time evaluation.

Concurrency - Haskell provides the concept of Green Threads, which includes wonderful libraries like async and stm, which makes applications achieve concurrency. 

Hackage and Stackage - Haskell provides a large set of centralized repository which includes over 14000 featured packages called Hackage. To provide compatibility between libraries, it also has a collection known as Stackage, which has over 2000 well handled packages.

Higher order functions take another function as an argument like lamda expressions or returns the output in the form of a function. Freelance Haskell developers must be familiar with the functions like sort, map, reduce, forEach,and filter functions.

A lambda expression is a block of code that is passed as an argument to the higher order functions such as map, sort, reduce, forEach, and filter. Lambda expressions prevent developers write multiple lines of code and make the program look clean and concise. Lambda expressions can be stored in a variable also if the data type of that variable is an interface which contains only one method. However, the condition is that the lambda expression must have the same number of arguments with same data type and same return data type as that of the method in the interface. 

Immutable objects in Haskell are thread-safe and more secure. For example, if you want to modify array elements in Haskell, it will return you the new array with modifications. Only accessing elements is allowed in the original array. Mutable objects often have the aliasing problem associated with them which causes programming errors, but Haskell resolves this problem by making objects immutable and guarantees referential transparency. 

The $ operator is used to avoid parenthesis in the code. For example, in putStrLn(display(2+2)), you can write this line in the following ways as :

• putStrLn $ display $ 2 + 2
• putStrLn $ display (2+2)
• putStrLn (display $ 2 + 2 ).

The . operator on the other hand is used to chain the functions instead of avoiding parenthesis. In the above example, you can chain display to putStrLn like this : 

(putStrLn . display)(2 + 2)

And if you want to avoid putting multiple parenthesis, just put $ operator like  :

putStrLn . display $ 2 + 2

A monad in Haskell is an abstract algebraic structure used to represent the computation as a series of steps. Monads provide a structure representing a program. There are three building blocks associated with Monad - 

• A function that takes a value and  returns a computation which when executed generates that value.
• A function which takes two computations and executes them one after another. The result of the first computation is made available to the other.
• A type constructor that generates the type of a computation of you mention the type of the result of that computation.

Enum Type Class in Haskell provides the operations on data types in sequential order. The following commands can access the Enum Type Class - 

Succ - returns successor of a value.

Pred - returns the predecessor of that value.

Int, Char, Bool, Float, etc. can also access the Enum Type Class.

Data.Foldable.Foldr function converts an accumulator into a single value by applying the foldr function against it. For example, foldr(++) [][[10,20],[30,40],[50,60]] will return [10,20,30,40,50,60].

Ord class provides precise ordering two objects. Ord class has the following properties :-

• Comparability -If  a<=b || b<=a , then True.
• Transitivity - If a<=b && b<=c , then a<=c is Ture.
• Antisymmetry - If a<=b && b<=a , then a==b is True.
• Reflexivity - If a<=a, then True.

Functor is an in-built higher order function which takes fmap() function as an argument and returns output as a function. fmap() function is the general representation of the map() function.

Map, List, Tree, etc.  are the instances of Functor. The function definition of Functor is given by - 

class Functor func where fmap :: (x -> y) - > func x -> func y.